How to Create Ghibli Style Images with ChatGPT

A Ghibli image shows art influenced by Studio Ghibli. This studio is well-known for its unique Japanese animation style. Ghibli images are suddenly everywhere online because of the great progress in AI technology. With ChatGPT’s new update, you can transform your photos into stunning visuals in no time.

Give a text prompt, and you’ll get art inspired by Studio Ghibli’s unique animation style. These AI models mix colors, lighting, and details. They create images that look like they were hand-drawn.

In this article, we are going to provide a detailed guide on how to create Ghibli-style images using ChatGPT.

What Is The Studio Ghibli AI Trend?

The Studio Ghibli AI trend is a viral phenomenon. Users are making and sharing AI images that mimic the unique style of Studio Ghibli. This well-known Japanese animation studio creates hand-drawn films like Spirited Away”. Now, it has an image generator that can create art in many styles, including Studio Ghibli’s.

Key Features of the Trend

  • AI Image Generation: This trend uses AI tools like OpenAI’s GPT-4o to turn photos into Ghibli-style images. These images usually show soft pastel colors and big, expressive eyes. This style is typical of Studio Ghibli’s look.
  • Social Media Impact: AI-generated Ghibli versions of influencers, movie stars, politicians, and pets have taken over platforms like Instagram and X (formerly Twitter).
  • Ethical Concerns: This trend brings up ethical questions about AI art. It may affect human artists in various ways. Hayao Miyazaki, co-founder of Studio Ghibli, dislikes AI in animation. He calls it an “insult to life itself.”
  • Brands and Marketing: Brands are using this trend in their ads and promotions. They tap into the nostalgic charm of Ghibli’s style.

How To Create Ghibli-Style Images in ChatGPT

Making a Ghibli-style image in ChatGPT is easy. You can turn regular images into fun anime characters or art inspired by Studio Ghibli. Here is a step-by-step guide to creating Ghibli-style images with ChatGPT:

  • To access ChatGPT, visit the official ChatGPT website. Then, log in using your OpenAI account credentials.
  • To make Ghibli images in ChatGPT, users need to subscribe to the pro version. It costs $20 a month. 
  • Select the ChatGPT 4o model: To make Ghibli Style images, pick the ChatGPT 4o model from the options.

  • After logging into ChatGPT, tap “New Chat” to start a conversation.
  • Upload Image: Click the “+” sign on the chat interface. Then, choose “Upload from computer.” Select any image and wait for the chat interface to upload the image.
  • In the chat, write a text prompt explaining the type of image you want ChatGPT to generate. For Ghibli images, simply write: “Transform this image into Ghibli style”.
  • Image Generation: Click “Enter” to submit your image and text prompt. ChatGPT will take your image and turn it into a Ghibli-style version.
  • Download the image: After ChatGPT creates the Ghibli-style image, right-click on it. Then, choose ‘Save Image’ to download it to your device.

How are people creating Ghibli-style images?

Users can create AI-generated Ghibli-style images. They need to upload their chosen images in the chat and write a text prompt. Anyone can create unique visuals inspired by Studio Ghibli’s style in a short amount of time.

Users can upload a photograph online. They can also add a personalized text prompt. This helps the AI create custom artwork based on their input. Right now, this feature is only for ChatGPT Plus, Pro, Team, and some subscription tiers. OpenAI CEO Sam Altman said the rollout of AI-generated images for free users is delayed. This is because there is a high demand for these images.

Conclusion

With ChatGPT’s latest update, users can easily make Ghibli-style images. This AI technology turns creative ideas into beautiful visuals. With a good text prompt, anyone can quickly create beautiful artwork. This works for fantasy, animation, or realistic styles.

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Can you buy Deepseek stock?

DeepSeek is a fast-growing artificial intelligence (AI) company known for its advancements in large language models. With increasing interest in AI investments, many investors wonder if they can buy DeepSeek stock. However, since DeepSeek is a privately held company, its shares are not available for public trading. This means individual investors cannot currently purchase its stock. In this article, we will discuss DeepSeek’s investment status, possible ways to gain exposure, and whether it might go public in the future.

Can you buy DeepSeek stock?

No, you cannot currently purchase stock in DeepSeek, as it is a privately held company and not publicly traded on any stock exchange. Since DeepSeek shares are not available for public investment, individuals and institutional investors cannot directly acquire equity in the company. The only potential opportunity to invest in DeepSeek would be if it decides to go public through an initial public offering (IPO) in the future.

Can you buy DeepSeek stock in the US?

DeepSeek stock is not available for purchase in the United States, as the company is privately held and not publicly traded on any stock exchange. Since it has not issued publicly traded shares, it does not have a stock symbol, and retail investors cannot invest in it at this time.

What is DeepSeek stock price?

DeepSeek is a privately held company and is not publicly traded on any stock exchange. As a result, it does not have a publicly available stock price. If DeepSeek goes public through an initial public offering (IPO) in the future, its stock price will be determined by market demand and supply.

What is Deepseek?

DeepSeek is a Chinese artificial intelligence (AI) company focused on developing open-source large language models (LLMs). Founded in July 2023 by CEO Liang Wenfeng, it operates as a subsidiary of the hedge fund High-Flyer. DeepSeek’s AI models function similarly to ChatGPT, providing text-based responses to user inputs in both Chinese and English. Users can interact with DeepSeek through a mobile app or computer software by entering questions or statements, to which the AI generates relevant answers.

Is DeepSeek a publicly traded company?

DeepSeek is a privately held artificial intelligence company and is not publicly traded on any stock exchange. It operates as a subsidiary of the hedge fund High-Flyer, meaning its ownership is restricted to private investors.

What is the stock symbol for DeepSeek?

DeepSeek does not have a stock symbol because it is a privately held company and is not listed on any public stock exchange. Since its shares are not available for public trading, there is no ticker symbol associated with the company. Investors can only acquire ownership in DeepSeek through private funding rounds, not through the stock market.

How to invest in DeepSeek AI stock?

Unfortunately, you cannot directly invest in DeepSeek AI stock because it is a privately held company and not publicly traded on any stock exchange. This means its shares are not available for purchase by retail investors.

However, if you are an accredited investor, venture capitalist, or institutional investor, you may have opportunities to invest through private funding rounds if the company raises capital. Another potential investment avenue is through High-Flyer, the hedge fund that owns DeepSeek, if it offers indirect exposure to DeepSeek’s financial performance.

Deepseek stock price chart

DeepSeek remains a privately owned company and is not listed on any public stock exchange. Because it is not publicly traded, there is no available stock price or price chart for the company. If DeepSeek undergoes an initial public offering (IPO) in the future, its stock price and market performance will become accessible through financial platforms.

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Who is the DeepSeek founder?

Within a few weeks of the release of DeepSeek, Liang Wenfeng, founder of DeepSeek, has quickly emerged as a major force in China’s tech industry. His AI startup has made waves by challenging Western dominance in artificial intelligence, triggering a global tech stock selloff after its recent launch.

DeepSeek’s rapid rise highlights Beijing’s push to bridge the AI gap with the U.S., positioning Liang as a key figure in China’s next-generation tech ambitions. His previously low-profile presence took a sharp turn when he was invited to a closed-door symposium with Chinese Premier Li Qiang on January 20, alongside top officials and business leaders. In this article, we are going to take a look at the founders of Deepseeks. 

Who are the founders of DeepSeek?

Liang Wenfeng is the founder behind DeepSeek, a Chinese AI software company which was established in 2023. The 39-year-old Liang was born in 1985 in Mililing Village, China, Liang earned his Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in engineering from Zhejiang University. His graduate research focused on target tracking algorithms using low-cost PTZ cameras. Liang Wenfeng is the driving force behind DeepSeek’s mission to achieve Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). He believes that AI has the potential to surpass human cognitive abilities and is pushing his team to explore new model structures to achieve this goal. 

Before launching DeepSeek, Liang co-founded High-Flyer, a quantitative hedge fund, in 2015. Under his leadership, High-Flyer managed over $10 billion in assets by 2019. Recognizing the growing impact of artificial intelligence, he started acquiring NVIDIA GPUs in 2021 to support AI development, laying the foundation for DeepSeek’s technological advancements. He currently serves as the company’s CEO. 

Liang Wenfeng believes in the power of open source in disruptive technologies. He sees closed-source advantages as temporary and aims to build an ecosystem where the industry readily utilizes DeepSeek’s technologies. Liang Wenfeng’s leadership and vision are positioning DeepSeek as a significant player in the global AI landscape. His focus on innovation, talent, and open-source principles is shaping the company’s trajectory and contributing to the advancement of AI technology.

Deepseek Founders Net Worth

As of January 2025, DeepSeek founder and CEO Liang Wenfeng’s net worth is estimated to be at least $1 billion. His wealth comes from his leadership in AI and finance, primarily through DeepSeek and High-Flyer Capital Management, a quantitative trading hedge fund.

Forbes estimates that Wenfeng owns about 84% of DeepSeek, while his stake in High-Flyer is valued at approximately $180 million. Chinese corporate records indicate that he holds 85% of another High-Flyer entity, and his equity in the firm could be even higher since he manages 65 of its 503 active funds.

DeepSeek, the AI startup Wenfeng founded, has gained significant attention for its chatbot, which has disrupted the AI industry.

Deepseek Founder Interviews

In a 2023 interview with Chinese tech publication 36KR, DeepSeek founder Liang Wenfeng shared his vision for the company: developing Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) that surpasses human cognitive abilities. He also expressed confidence in AI startups competing with larger, established companies. “The market is constantly evolving,” Wenfeng said. “Success isn’t determined by existing rules or conditions, but by the ability to adapt and navigate change.” 

In a recent interview with a media outlet, DeepSeek founder Liang Wenfeng shared insights on the company’s impact, vision, and culture.

DeepSeek’s Price War: Accidental Disruption

DeepSeek’s release of its open-source V2 model sparked a price war in the AI industry, but Liang insists this wasn’t the company’s intention. Their pricing strategy was based purely on cost calculations, not market disruption. DeepSeek’s ultimate goal is to develop Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), which requires pushing the limits of model efficiency and capability.

Innovation & Open Source

Liang believes that as China’s economy grows, its tech industry must shift from being a beneficiary to a true contributor. DeepSeek aims to build an ecosystem where businesses can directly integrate its AI technologies. The company also sees closed-source strategies as short-lived in the face of disruptive innovation.

Talent & Culture

DeepSeek prioritizes fresh thinking over traditional experience when hiring. The company actively recruits Gen Z talent, book lovers, and humanities graduates, fostering a culture of creativity and deep technical problem-solving through open collaboration.

Overall, Liang emphasizes that DeepSeek is not just another AI company, it’s on a mission to lead innovation, embrace open-source development, and shape the future of AGI.

Wrapping Up

Liang Wenfeng’s rapid ascent in the AI industry signals a major shift in the global tech landscape. As DeepSeek continues to challenge established players and drive China’s AI ambitions forward, its impact on innovation and market dynamics will be closely watched. Understanding the minds behind DeepSeek provides valuable insight into the future of artificial intelligence and its growing influence on the world stage.

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DeepSeek Statistics, Number of Users (Jan 2025)

DeepSeek AI is an emerging powerhouse in artificial intelligence, challenging industry giants with its cost-effective and open-source AI models. Founded in 2023 in Hangzhou, China, by Liang Wenfeng, DeepSeek is backed by the Chinese hedge fund High-Flyer. Despite operating under U.S. sanctions restricting access to AI-training chips, DeepSeek has managed to produce high-performance large language models (LLMs) at a fraction of the cost of competitors like OpenAI and Meta.

This article provides an in-depth look at DeepSeek AI’s journey, business model, key products, global impact, and recent statistics showcasing its rapid growth.

Company Overview

  • Industry: Information Technology, Artificial Intelligence
  • Founded: 17 July 2023 (18 months ago)
  • Founder: Liang Wenfeng
  • Headquarters: Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
  • Key People: Liang Wenfeng (CEO)
  • Owner: High-Flyer
  • Number of Employees: Under 200
  • Website: deepseek.com

DeepSeek AI’s Background and Mission

DeepSeek AI was established with a vision to democratize artificial intelligence by making its models open-source. Unlike closed AI systems, DeepSeek’s algorithms and model architectures are publicly accessible, allowing researchers and developers worldwide to contribute to and improve its technology.

The company’s flagship model, DeepSeek-R1, offers competitive performance compared to OpenAI’s GPT-4o and Meta’s LLaMA 3.1. What sets it apart is its significantly lower training cost—reportedly just $6 million, compared to the $100 million spent by OpenAI for GPT-4. This efficiency allows DeepSeek to offer powerful AI tools at a fraction of the price charged by Western tech firms.

DeepSeek – AI Assistant

Experience seamless interaction with DeepSeek’s official AI assistant for free! Powered by the groundbreaking DeepSeek-V3 model with over 600B parameters, this state-of-the-art AI leads global standards and matches top-tier international models across multiple benchmarks. Enjoy faster speeds and comprehensive features designed to answer your questions and enhance your life efficiently.

DeepSeek on Google Play

  • Category Rank: #1
  • Monthly Downloads: 3.9M
  • Last Version: January 2025

Market Performance and Growth Metrics

Traffic and Engagement

DeepSeek AI has seen exponential growth in traffic and engagement, positioning itself among the world’s most visited AI platforms.

  • Total visits (January 2025): 277.9M (+2256.53% from last month)
  • Global rank: #141
  • Country rank in China: #31
  • Industry rank (Programming & Developer Software): #8
  • Average visit duration: 5 minutes 33 seconds
  • Pages per visit: 4.39
  • Bounce rate: 30.85%

Top Referring Websites and Industries

Referrals make up 5.24% of DeepSeek’s traffic, with major contributions from the following platforms:

Top referring websites:

  • GitHub (15.27%)
  • Namu.wiki (11.73%)
  • Hugging Face (7.37%)
  • ChatGPT.com (5.66%)
  • Open WeChat (3.91%)

Top referring industries:

  • Programming & Developer Software (28.59%)
  • Social Networks & Online Communities (17.00%)
  • Computers & Electronics (14.09%)
  • Search Engines (9.28%)
  • Dictionaries & Encyclopedias (5.35%)

Organic and Paid Search Performance

Organic Search Overview

Organic search accounts for 43.96% of DeepSeek’s website traffic, with 97% of searches being branded. The top organic search terms include:

  • Deepseek (67.18%) – +2,784.67% growth
  • Deep seek (4.85%) – +4,994.53% growth
  • Deepseek R1 (3.43%) – >5,000% growth
  • Deepseek AI (2.93%) – +4,975.70% growth
  • Deepseek?? (1.57%) – +1,941.08% growth

Paid Search Insights

Paid search is still a small fraction of DeepSeek’s marketing efforts, with top keywords focusing on brand recognition:

  • Deepseek (56.44%)
  • Deepseek AI (13.12%)
  • Deepseek R1 (1.84%)
  • Deepsek (1.36%)
  • Grid.upgrade (1.82%)

Social Media Traffic and Strategy

Social media contributes 1.82% of DeepSeek’s traffic, with YouTube being the dominant platform:

  • YouTube: 52.28%
  • X (Twitter): 18.55%
  • Facebook: 7.88%
  • WhatsApp WebApp: 4.61%
  • LinkedIn: 4.46%
  • Other sources: 12.21%

DeepSeek has leveraged influencer marketing, YouTube AI content creators, and industry collaborations to gain traction, primarily targeting developers and AI enthusiasts.

Display Advertising Strategy

DeepSeek’s display advertising campaigns are focused on key ad networks:

  • Taboola (39.01%)
  • Blogger.com (25.69%)
  • Unidentified Networks (19.93%)
  • MGID (5.65%)
  • Cuelinks (3.16%)
  • Others (6.56%)

These platforms help DeepSeek reach audiences interested in AI, programming, and emerging technologies.

Demographics and User Base

DeepSeek AI’s user base is primarily male and skewed toward younger demographics:

  • Gender Distribution:
    • Male: 66.12%
    • Female: 33.88%
  • Age Distribution:
    • 18-24: 23.65%
    • 25-34: 33.51%
    • 35-44: 19.34%
    • 45-54: 12.15%
    • 55-64: 7.02%
    • 65+: 4.32%

DeepSeek’s AI Models and Innovations

Open-Source AI Leadership

DeepSeek has positioned itself as a leader in open-source AI, making its models accessible for research and development. Key milestones include:

  • DeepSeek-R1: First major LLM, comparable to GPT-4o.
  • DeepSeek-MoE (Base & Chat): Mixture of Experts (MoE) models for improved efficiency.
  • DeepSeek-Math (Base, Instruct, RL): Focused on advanced mathematical reasoning.
  • DeepSeek-V2: Released in May 2024, triggering an AI price war in China.
  • DeepSeek-V3: Base and Chat models launched in December 2024.
  • DeepSeek-R1 Lite (API & Chat): Available since November 2024.
  • DeepSeek AI Assistant: Free chatbot app launched in January 2025, surpassing ChatGPT on iOS.

Global Impact and Challenges

Competitive Pricing and Market Disruption

DeepSeek’s aggressive pricing and open-source approach have disrupted the AI industry. Dubbed the “Pinduoduo of AI,” it forced companies like ByteDance, Tencent, Baidu, and Alibaba to slash AI pricing.

Regulatory Concerns

Despite its success, DeepSeek faces scrutiny due to compliance with Chinese censorship laws. The AI restricts responses on sensitive topics like the Tiananmen Square massacre and Taiwan’s political status, leading to bans in countries like Australia.

U.S. Sanctions and Resource Constraints

DeepSeek has navigated U.S. sanctions restricting AI chip access by stockpiling 10,000 Nvidia A100 GPUs and optimizing training efficiency.

Conclusion

DeepSeek AI is a game-changer in the artificial intelligence landscape, offering powerful models at a fraction of the cost of competitors. Its open-source ethos, rapid growth, and strategic market positioning make it a key player in the AI revolution. However, regulatory challenges and geopolitical factors could impact its future trajectory. With its AI assistant now leading global downloads, DeepSeek is poised to continue reshaping the industry.

References

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7 Free AI Hentai Chat Bots [2025]: No Sign Up Required

There has been remarkable growth in the AI chatbot domain for hentai enthusiasts. AI Hentai chatbots offer a perfect combination of technology and fantasy, allowing users to experience companionship and engage in unrestricted conversations by digging into the essence of hentai culture.

These Hentai AI platforms can hold a conversation, roleplay, explore storylines, and more by offering a unique and immersive experience. In this article, we will examine the top 7 free AI hentai chatbots, which are accessible without sign-up.

7 Free AI Hentai Chat Bots

We have listed the top 7 AI hentai chatbots that offer excellent companionship and chatting experience by resonating with your interests and preferences. Each chatbot mentioned below provides unique features and capabilities that can help enhance your experience. 

1. Candy AI Hentai Chat

Candy AI is an impressive AI Hentai Chat platform that offers a wide range of Hentai character options for text interactions. It provides an excellent range of AI hentai models, each with a unique background, age, and appearance, with whom you can engage in personalized conversations. Candy AI’s capabilities also include audio messages, image requests, and character generation. Candy AI can cater to all your needs, whether you are looking for casual chats, explicit interactions, or roleplay. 

Features:

  • It offers personalized conversations with AI companions ranging from flirting to casual talks to intimate interactions.
  • Create your dream AI hentai character on Candy AI by customizing its appearance, personality, occupation, outfit, interests, and more. 
  • For an enhanced experience, you can request images while chatting with an AI character on Candy AI’s chat interface.
  • It contains various virtual character options with unique backgrounds, looks, ages, interests, etc. 

2. GirlFriendGPT Hentai AI Chat

GirlfriendGPT is a versatile platform that allows uncensored conversations with AI Hentai characters. This platform lets you specify your preferences and chat freely with your desired AI characters, such as Male, Female, or Trans. You can engage in unfiltered conversations, roleplay, unlock audio messages, ask for images, and more on this chatbot. GirlfriendGPT also lets you create customized characters by tailoring their appearance, personality traits, etc, for an enhanced experience. It also offers a “Gallery” section through which premium users can generate stunning AI images of Hentai characters. 

Features

  • You can indulge in high-engaging and personalized conversations with your desired AI hentai characters on this platform. 
  • Users can generate custom AI images of their desired Hentai characters on this platform. 
  • It offers many virtual hentai character options with unique backgrounds, interests, tags, and categories.

3. CrushON AI

CrushOn AI is a simple and easy-to-use AI Hentai Chat Bot where you can enjoy unrestricted conversations and roleplay with various pre-existing AI hentai companions. It offers a simple interface, making the interactions extremely simple for everyone. This platform contains diverse AI characters with unique backgrounds and interests, offering a joyful experience. Whether seeking casual talks, unrestricted conversations, entertainment, or emotional support, CrushOn AI can cater to all your requirements and needs. 

Features

  • This platform offers diverse AI character options in various categories with unique backgrounds and interests. 
  • Create your desired AI hentai character from scratch on CrushOn AI and choose its name, avatar, introduction, visibility, tags, etc. 
  • You can customize your interactions with virtual characters on CrushOn AI and enhance your relationships. 
  • CrushOn AI contains a user-friendly interface. 

4. AIHentaiChat

AI Hentai chat is an exceptional platform where you can chat and interact with various unique AI hentai characters. Each AI character available on this platform contains a unique personality. AI Hentai Chat offers a safe and secure space to unleash your fantasies and discuss any topic without judgment. In addition, you can also create images and engage in audio messages with AI characters on this platform. 

Features

  • It offers a wide range of AI hentai companions with whom you can engage in personalized and engaging conversations.
  • You can speak to the character. AI Hentai Chat contains voice-enabled chats through which you can receive audio messages while chatting with an AI character. 
  • With this platform, you can also roleplay by exploring unique storylines and scenarios. 
  • This chatbot protects users’ privacy and ensures all conversations between users and AI characters are well-protected. 

5. AICupid

AICupid is another innovative AI hentai chatbot where you can interact with Hentai-inspired AI characters in uncensored interactions. Specially designed for 18+ users, this platform offers a unique and immersive experience for those seeking adult interactions. With an excellent range of AI character options, you can engage in mature conversations with AI characters and receive engaging and realistic responses. OkCupid also offers features like audio messages, character generation, and unrestricted photos to enhance your conversation experience. 

Features

  • AICupid offers an immersive adult chatting experience online by generating realistic and genuine responses to users’ input. 
  • This tool contains an impressive range of AI Hentai character options in various tags, such as Schoolgirls, Anime, Realistic, Cartoon, and more. 
  • Premium users can generate unrestricted images of their desired virtual characters on AICupid. 
  • You can create and chat with a customized virtual hentai character on AICupid by choosing the gender, specifying its character attributes, adding a description, and more.

6. eHentai.ai

eHentai AI is a roleplaying AI chatbot where you can chat and roleplay with AI hentai girls. It is specially designed to satisfy your needs and requirements. You can create your dream AI hentai girl on eHentai and customize its looks, personality, outfits, and more for an enhanced chatting experience. This platform is perfect for explicit conversations as it contains many AI hentai girls options for chatting, voice messaging, roleplay, and image generation capabilities. 

Features

  • On this platform, you can create your dream hentai girl by customizing every aspect of her appearance, such as her body, hairstyle, eyes, expression, personality, outfits, and more. 
  • It contains storytelling and roleplay capabilities. 
  • Voice chat is available for an enhanced chatting experience. 
  • eHentai AI offers excellent privacy and security measures and keeps your identity 100% anonymous. 

7. PepHop AI

PepHop AI is an advanced AI Hentai Chat platform with No filter. This impressive platform offers an engaging and interactive chat experience where you can unleash all your fantasies and desires freely. It contains many pre-existing AI characters in different categories, including anime, hentai, fiction, and more. PepHop AI also lets you engage in roleplay and enact different scenarios with your favorite AI hentai character. You can also create their desired AI Hentai character on PepHop AI by customizing its name, avatar, personality, introduction, rating, and more. I found the response generated by AI characters on PepHop AI extremely engaging and genuine.

Features

  • Create your dream AI Hentai characters on PepHop AI and choose a customized name, avatar, introduction, tag, visibility, and more.
  • PepHop AI offers SFW and NSFW chat modes through which you can converse with AI characters based on your mood and preference. 
  • It offers many AI character options in categories such as Hentai, Anime, Fantasy, Fiction, Games, and more. 
  • It contains a user-friendly interface that everyone can easily access. 

Conclusion

Whether you are looking for companionship, flirting, casual talks, or unrestricted interactions, AI Hentai chatbots can satisfy all your needs and requirements. With these chatbots, you can explore the world of hentai culture and discuss any topic with your desired virtual companion. We have listed the top 7 best free AI hentai chatbots that provide exceptional companionship and an immersive chatting experience for anime or hentai enthusiasts. 

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A Very Short History of Data Science

Source: http://compsocsci.blogspot.com/

I’m in the process of researching the origin and evolution of data science as a discipline and a profession. Here are the milestones that I have picked up so far, tracking the evolution of the term “data science,” attempts to define it, and some related developments.  I would greatly appreciate any pointers to additional key milestones (events, publications, etc.).

[An updated version of this timeline is at Forbes.com]

1974 Peter Naur publishes Concise Survey of Computer Methods in Sweden and the United States. The book is a survey of contemporary data processing methods that are used in a wide range of applications. It is organized around the concept of data as defined in the IFIP Guide to Concepts and Terms in Data Processing, which defines data as “a representation of facts or ideas in a formalized manner capable of being communicated or manipulated by some process.“ The Preface to the book tells the reader that a course plan was presented at the IFIP Congress in 1968, titled “Datalogy, the science of data and of data processes and its place in education,“ and that in the text of the book, ”the term ‘data science’ has been used freely.” Naur offers the following definition of data science: “The science of dealing with data, once they have been established, while the relation of the data to what they represent is delegated to other fields and sciences.”

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Imagination and Data Science

Today in 1833, Ada Byron (later Countess Lovelace) met Charles Babbage when visiting his house to see a portion the Difference Engine, or what her mother, Lady Byron, called his “thinking machine.” James Gleick writes in The Information: “Babbage saw a sparkling, self-possessed young woman with porcelain features and a notorious name, who managed to reveal that she knew more mathematics than most men graduating from university. She saw an imposing forty-one-year-old, authoritative eyebrows anchoring his strong-boned face, who possessed wit and charm and did not wear these qualities lightly. He seemed a kind of visionary–just what she was seeking. She admired the machine, too.”

With the Analytical Engine, Babbage imagined the modern computer. Gleick quotes Ada on imagination, from an essay she wrote in 1841: “It is that which penetrates into the unseen worlds around us, the worlds of Science. It is that which feels & discovers what is, the real which we see not, which exists not for our senses. Those who have learned to walk the threshold of the unknown worlds… may then with the fair white wings of Imagination hope to soar further into the unexplored amidst which we live.”

In this she anticipated Albert Einstein’s much-quoted observation: “Imagination is more important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited to all we now know and understand, while imagination embraces the entire world, and all there ever will be to know and understand.”

Note to Data Scientists (or more specifically, those making exaggerated claims about IBM’s Watson or the promise of “data-driven” science): Without our imagination, machines can’t learn.

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The Big Data Landscape Revisited

Bruce Reading, CEO of VoltDB, has an interesting and original take on the big data landscape.

Last year, Dave Feinleib published the Big Data Landscape, “to organize this rapidly growing technology sector.” One prominent data scientist told me “it’s just a bunch of logos on a slide,” but it has become a popular reference point for categorizing the different players in this bustling market. Sqrrl, a big data start-up, published recently its own version of Feinleib’s chart, its “take on the big data ecosystem.” Sqrrl’s eleven big data “buckets” are somewhat different from Feinleib’s, demonstrating a lack of agreement, understandable at this stage, on what exactly are the different segments of the big data market and what to call them. Furthermore, Sqrrl positions itself “at the intersection of four of these boxes” which raises questions about the accuracy of its positioning  of other big data companies inside just one or two boxes.

Another interesting recent attempt to make sense of the big data landscape comes from The 451’s Matt Aslett in the form of a “Database Landscape Map.” Taking its inspiration from the map of the London Underground and a content technology map from the Real Story Group, it charts the links between an ever-expanding database market and the data storing/organizing/mining technologies and tools (Hadoop, NoSQL, NewSQL…) that now form the core of the big data market.

Which brings me to Bruce Reading, VoltDB, and their take on the big data landscape. “It’s a very noisy market,” Bruce told a packed room at a recent VoltDB event. “It’s like shopping in a mall at Christmas time when there’s a lot of noise and a lot of information about a lot of technologies. We are trying to work with the marketplace to understand what you are trying to accomplish. Instead of using market maps based on technologies, we are looking at use cases.”

“Use case” is technology-speak for the list of requirements for achieving a specific goal, requirements that are embodied in the software that allows the user to achieve that goal. In other words, specialized software focused on addressing some unique need. VoltDB is focused on time (or data velocity) and believes, to quote Bruce, that “the whole world is trying to get as close to real-time as possible because that’s where the greatest value is of a single point of data.” Or, in the words of VoltDB’s website, companies are “devising new ways to identify and act on fast-moving, valuable data,” and VoltDB helps them “narrow the ‘ingestion-to-decision’ gap from minutes, or even hours, to milliseconds.” Which is why they see the “Data Value Chain” like this:

And describe the “Database Universe” like this:

This is the first attempt I’ve seen to map big data technologies based on what these technologies are trying to achieve and the type of data involved–is it unique (an individual item) or is it a part of a collection of data?–along three dimensions: Time, the value of the data, and application complexity.

The insight behind these charts is that the value of an individual piece of data goes down with time and the value of a collection of data goes up with time. Maybe this should be called “Stonebraker Law.” Mike Stonebraker is the database legend (forty years and counting) behind VoltDB and other big data startups. You can watch him, Bruce, and John Piekos, VoltDB’s  VP of Engineering, here.

[Originally published on Forbes.com]

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A Very Short History of Big Data

In addition to researching A Very Short History of Data Science, I have also been looking at the history of how data became big. Here I focus on the history of attempts to quantify the growth rate in the volume of data or what has popularly been known as the “information explosion” (a term first used in 1941, according to the OED). The following are the major milestones in the history of sizing data volumes plus other “firsts” or observations pertaining to the evolution of the idea of “big data.”

[An updated version of this timeline is at Forbes.com]

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The Internet of Things: Why now and how big?

Now that it has been established that the Internet of Things is the most hyped “emerging technology” today, and that the term—and the associated technologies—is far from being new, the only question to be answered is Why the sudden surge in interest in 2014?

That’s the question I put to a number of tech luminaries earlier this year. Bob Metcalfe, inventor of the Ethernet and now Professor of Innovation at University of Texas at Austin, is familiar with the sudden prominence of technologies, coming after lengthy incubation periods. Metcalfe points to scribbles like me as the main culprit: “It’s a media phenomenon. Technologies and standards and products and markets emerge slowly, but then suddenly, chaotically, the media latches on and BOOM!—It’s the year of IoT.” Hal Varian, Chief Economist at Google, believes Moore’s Law has something to do with the newfound interest in the IoT: “The price of sensors, processors, and networking has come way down.  Since WiFi is now widely deployed, it is relatively easy to add new networked devices to the home and office.”

Janus Bryzek, known as “the father of sensors” (and a VP at Fairchild Semiconductor), thinks there are multiple factors “accelerating the surge” in interest. First, there is the new version of the Internet Protocol, IPv6, “enabling almost unlimited number of devices connected to networks.” Another factor is that four major network providers—Cisco, IBM, GE and Amazon—have decided “to support IoT with network modification, adding Fog layer and planning to add Swarm layer, facilitating dramatic simplification and cost reduction for network connectivity.” Last but not least, Bryzek mentions new forecasts regarding the IoT opportunity, with GE estimating that the “Industrial Internet” has the potential to add $10 to $15 trillion (with a “T”) to global GDP over the next 20 years, and Cisco  increasing to $19 trillion its forecast for the economic value created by the “Internet of Everything” in the year 2020.  “This is the largest growth in the history of humans,” says Bryzek.

These mind-blowing estimates from companies developing and selling IoT-related products and services, no doubt have helped fuel the media frenzy. But what do the professional prognosticators say? Gartner estimates that IoT product and service suppliers will generate incremental revenue exceeding $300 billion in 2020. IDC forecasts that the worldwide market for IoT solutions will grow from $1.9 trillion in 2013 to $7.1 trillion in 2020.

Other research firms focus on slices of this potentially trillion-dollar market such as connected cars, smart homes, and wearables. Here’s a roundup of estimates and forecasts for various segments of the IoT market:

ABI Research:  The installed base of active wireless connected devices will exceed 16 billion in 2014, about 20% more than in 2013. The number of devices will more than double from the current level, with 40.9 billion forecasted for 2020. 75% of the growth between today and the end of the decade will come from non-hub devices: sensor nodes and accessories. The chart above is from ABI’s research on smart cars.

Acquity Group (Accenture Interactive): More than two thirds of consumers plan to buy connected technology for their homes by 2019, and nearly half say the same for wearable technology. Smart thermostats are expected to have 43% adoption in the next five years (see chart below).

IHS Automotive: The number of cars connected to the Internet worldwide will grow more than sixfold to 152 million in 2020 from 23 million in 2013.

Navigant Research: The worldwide installed base of smart meters will grow from 313 million in 2013 to nearly 1.1 billion in 2022.

Morgan Stanley: Driverless cars will generate $1.3 trillion in annual savings in the United States, with over $5.6 trillions of savings worldwide.

Machina Research: Consumer Electronics M2M connections will top 7 billion in 2023, generating $700 billion in annual revenue.

On World: By 2020, there will be over 100 million Internet connected wireless light bulbs and lamps worldwide up from 2.4 million in 2013.

Juniper Research: The wearables market will exceed $1.5 billion in 2014, double its value in 2013–

Endeavour Partners: As of September 2013, one in ten U.S. consumers over the age of 18 owns a modern activity tracker. More than half of U.S. consumers who have owned a modern activity tracker no longer use it. A third of U.S. consumers who have owned one stopped using the device within six months of receiving it.

Originally published on Forbes.com

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